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By: Cara Kennedy Dysphagia Swallowing disorder, “disturbance of bolus flow” “Problems involving the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, or gastroesophageal junction,” (ASHA, n.d.) More common in adults Various causes – – – treatment in dependent on the cause Main goals: decrease aspiration risk, ensure adequate nutrition/hydration, possibly strengthen muscles or improve coordination for swallowing, decrease anxiety surrounding eating/drinking If not treated:

By: Cara Kennedy What is video modeling? Video-Based Modeling (VBM) “Demonstrates a desired behavior and the student imitates the behavior shown” (Sing, et al., 2013) TBI: “Video modeling can promote the performance of previously learned behaviors related to speech, but more significantly it can facilitate generalization of this verbal behavior across untrained words” (Mason et al., 2013) Self-modeling- “allows participants

By: Cara Kennedy Heart Issues & Dysphagia Cardiovascular Dysphagia Ortner’s Syndrome (Cardiovocal Syndrome) Paralysis of laryngeal nerve/recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy secondary to cardiovascular issues Hoarse vocal quality Chronic Mitral Valvular Lesions/Mitral Valve Disease/Mitral Stenosis Elongation/kinking/coiling of carotid artery due to atherosclerosis or fibromuscular dysplasia Global heart failure Echocardiography-Left & right atrial and right ventricular enlargement Esophageal manometry- “hypotonic peristaltic contractions

By: Cara Kennedy Known Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 *Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Fatigue Shortness of breath/ difficulty breathing Cough Joint pain Chest pain Memory, concentration, or sleep problems Muscle pain or headache Fast or pounding heartbeat Loss of smell or taste Depression or anxiety Fever Dizziness upon standing Dysphagia Worsened symptoms after physical or mental activities Organ damage Lungs,

Theory of Mind can be defined as the ability to understand that other people also have their own minds and that their minds are different from our own. It is the understanding that other individuals are able to have their own thoughts, their own feelings, and different perspectives that may or may not differ from ours. Theory of Mind or

Dysarthria is a speech disorder that occurs due to damage that has occurred to parts of the brain which in turn affects muscle control.  What are the differences between the different types of Dysarthria? There are 7 types of dysarthria: Flaccid, Spastic, Ataxic, Hypokinetic, Hyperkinetic, Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron, and Mixed. They each are characterized by respective causes and features

School is just around the corner! Check out this free “All About My-Selfie” activity your kids can do and show their new friends at school on their first day! You could even use it as a way to recap your favorite summer memories and glue on a picture of your child from ‘summer 2022’! Incorporate expressive and receptive language by

Late language emergence refers to toddlers exhibiting delays in the onset of language in the absence of other disabilities or developmental delays. Children with late language emergence do not meet the typical speech and language developmental milestones. They may experience challenges in vocabulary acquisition, oral language production, and language comprehension. Additionally, a child with late language emergence may present with

What is it? Stuttering is an interruption to the flow of speech. This can happen in different ways: Part-word or sound repetitions (“I w-w-want a snack.”) Whole-word repetitions (“Go-go-go away.”) Prolonged sounds (“Ssssstop that!) Blocks or stops (“Where is the pause bathroom?”)  Stuttering can include tension and negative feelings. There are also many secondary behaviors that might occur during stuttering